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Crisis Response

Elaine Race Riot (Elaine Massacre) begins in Arkansas

On September 30, 1919, armed white mobs and law enforcement attacked Black sharecroppers near Elaine, Arkansas, triggering widespread violence that resulted in dozens (and by some estimates many more) killed and many more injured or arrested.

The massacre was one of the deadliest racial attacks in U.S. history, exposed the intensity of postwar racial violence, and produced legal fallout that culminated in the Supreme Court case Moore v. Dempsey (1923), which strengthened federal review of state criminal trials.

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