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Foreign Policy

European naval blockade of Venezuela begins

On December 9, 1902, British, German and Italian naval forces began a blockade (and limited bombardments) of Venezuelan ports to compel repayment of foreign debts.

The blockade provoked U.S. diplomatic involvement under Theodore Roosevelt, tested the Monroe Doctrine and set the stage for arbitration and later U.S. policy responses that influenced the Roosevelt Corollary.

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