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Kristallnacht pogrom in Nazi Germany (Nov 9–10, 1938)

On November 9–10, 1938, Nazi authorities and civilian mobs in Germany and Austria launched Kristallnacht, a coordinated pogrom that destroyed synagogues, ransacked Jewish homes and businesses, and arrested thousands of Jewish men.

The widescale violence represented a major escalation in Nazi persecution, provoked international condemnation that put pressure on the Roosevelt administration over refugee and diplomatic responses, and deepened the humanitarian crisis confronting U.S. foreign policy.

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