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Shanghai Massacre (White Terror) begins

On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist forces and allied militias launched a violent purge of communists and suspected leftists in Shanghai, initiating widespread killings and arrests.

The massacre shattered the First United Front, accelerated civil conflict in China, and posed urgent diplomatic and commercial challenges for the Coolidge administration and U.S. policy in East Asia.

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