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Crisis Response

Shooting in Brownsville, Texas; start of the Brownsville Affair

On August 13, 1906, late-night gunfire in Brownsville, Texas killed a white bartender and wounded a police officer, and Black soldiers of the 25th Infantry stationed nearby were accused of involvement, prompting an Army investigation.

The incident launched the Brownsville Affair—a national racial and military controversy that resulted in an Army inquiry and culminated in President Roosevelt's controversial December 1906 decision to discharge Black soldiers without trial, with lasting implications for civil‑military relations and racial justice.

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