The POTUS Timeline
President #21

Chester A. Arthur

Chester A. Arthur became the 21st President of the United States after James A. Garfield's assassination and served from September 19, 1881, to March 4, 1885. A Republican, he is best known for turning toward civil service reform and professionalizing the federal bureaucracy.

Legacy Summary

Initially allied with New York party bosses, Arthur surprised many by embracing reform: he signed the Pendleton Civil Service Act, introduced merit-based examinations, and worked to reduce patronage in federal appointments.

His administration also promoted naval modernization and saw major national projects completed, but he approved the Chinese Exclusion Act. Historians now view him as a pragmatic, if complex, leader who balanced party ties with public-service reform.

Notable Actions

Assumed the presidency after James A. Garfield's assassination (1881); Sponsored and signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing merit-based federal exams; Modernized and strengthened the U.S. Navy; Signed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882; Oversaw completion of the Washington Monument

Timeline Entries

Key highlights and dated events associated with this presidency.

Browse full timeline

No timeline entries yet

No timeline entries have been added for this president yet.